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What is the difference between HTML and SGML/XML ?

HTML is a SGML application  or an application of SGML. HTML makes it possible to mark up text (to place tags on text). SGML makes it possible to generate mark up languages. If HTML is a language of a particular field of knowledge it is possible, by means of SGML (or XML), to generate a markup language specific to a field.

Example of a receipt in SGML:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE receipt  "receipt.dtd" >
<receipt version="1.0" author="SONOVISION-ITEP">
<creation date - day="01" month ="04" year="1999"/>
<modification date - day="01" month="04" year="1999"/>

<name>French receipt</name>
<origine>France</origine>
<time>few minuts</time>

<ingredients>
     <element>Salt</element>
     <element>Pepper</element>
     <element>etc.</element>
</ingredients>

<preparation>
     <etape>Prepare</etape>
     <etape>Mix</etape>
     <etape>Make cook</etape>
</preparation>

<astuteness></stuteness>

</receipt>

Good cooking!